Finding a lump in your neck can be worrying. While many neck lumps are harmless, it’s important to understand where they come from, as this can provide clues about the underlying cause.
Three of the most common sources of neck lumps are the lymph nodes, salivary glands and thyroid gland. Although they can all cause swelling in the neck, they tend to behave differently and may require different types of investigation and treatment.
Lymph node lumps
Lymph nodes are small glands that form part of the body’s immune system. They help filter infections and are found throughout the neck.
When lymph nodes become enlarged, it’s often because they’re responding to an infection nearby. A sore throat, tonsillitis, dental infection or cold can all cause swelling in these glands. In many cases, the lump becomes tender and settles once the infection improves.
However, lymph nodes can sometimes remain enlarged for longer than expected. Ongoing swelling may require further assessment, particularly if the lump continues to grow, feels firm or is accompanied by symptoms such as unexplained weight loss or ongoing throat problems.
Lymph node lumps are commonly found beneath the jaw, along the sides of the neck or behind the ears.
Salivary gland lumps
The salivary glands produce saliva, which helps keep the mouth moist and supports digestion. The largest salivary glands are located just in front of the ears and beneath the jaw.
A lump affecting one of these glands may develop for several reasons. Some are caused by blocked salivary ducts or inflammation. Others may be due to benign (non-cancerous) growths. In some cases, a tumour can develop within the gland.
Salivary gland lumps are often noticed near the angle of the jaw, below the chin or in front of the ear. Unlike swollen lymph nodes, they don’t always appear during an infection and may gradually increase in size over time.
Additional symptoms may include:
- Swelling that comes and goes during meals
- Pain when eating
- Dry mouth
- In rare cases, weakness affecting part of the face
Because there are several possible causes, specialist assessment is important if a salivary gland lump persists.
Thyroid lumps
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. It produces hormones that help regulate many functions throughout the body.
Thyroid lumps (often called thyroid nodules) are common, and many are benign. Some people don’t notice any symptoms and only become aware of a lump when looking in the mirror or during a routine examination.
Thyroid swellings are typically positioned in the lower front part of the neck and often move up and down when swallowing.
Depending on the cause, symptoms may include:
- A visible swelling at the front of the neck
- Difficulty swallowing
- A sensation of pressure in the throat
- Changes linked to thyroid hormone levels, such as feeling unusually tired or noticing a racing, pounding or irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
An ultrasound scan is often used to investigate thyroid lumps and determine if any further tests are needed.
When should a neck lump be checked?
Most neck lumps aren’t caused by anything serious. Even so, any lump that lasts for more than a few (four) weeks should be assessed by a healthcare professional. Early investigation can help identify the cause and provide reassurance.
You should seek medical advice sooner if a lump:
- Continues to increase in size
- Feels hard or doesn’t move easily when touched
- Causes difficulty swallowing or breathing
- Is associated with a persistent sore throat, voice changes or unexplained weight loss
Expert assessment for neck lumps
While many neck lumps are harmless, some require further investigation to identify the underlying cause. Seeking advice early can provide reassurance and help ensure any necessary treatment isn’t delayed.
Mr Wale Olarinde specialises in the assessment and management of neck lumps, including those affecting the lymph nodes, salivary glands and thyroid gland. He offers expert diagnosis and personalised treatment recommendations based on your individual needs.
If you’ve found a neck lump that hasn’t gone away or you’re worried about a swelling in your neck, arrange a consultation with Mr Wale Olarinde for specialist advice and support.